Tungro virus disease poses a significant threat to rice cultivation in India, impacting yields and livelihoods of farmers. This review provides historical insights and examines contemporary prevalence trends of Tungro virus disease in rice cultivation across India. The historical evolution of the disease, from its initial emergence to its spread across different regions of the country, is analyzed to understand its trajectory over time. Contemporary prevalence trends, influenced by factors such as climate, agricultural practices, and vector dynamics, are explored to assess the current status of Tungro virus disease in India. The epidemiology, transmission mechanisms, and host plant interactions are discussed, shedding light on the complex dynamics of disease spread and management. The review highlights the importance of ongoing research, surveillance, and collaborative efforts among stakeholders to effectively mitigate the impact of Tungro virus disease and ensure the sustainability of rice production in India and the historical context and contemporary trends of Tungro virus disease is essential for developing targeted strategies and interventions to address this significant challenge facing rice cultivation in India.