Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the Nigerian Sahel Savanna remains limited by suboptimal seed rate and plant spacing practices that constrain yield potential. This study evaluated the effects of variety, seed rate, and plant spacing on growth, yield components, and grain yield of wheat during the 2021 and 2022 cold dry seasons at the Flour Milling Association of Nigeria Research Farm, Ringim, Jigawa State. The experiment was arranged in a randomised complete block design with three replications, using two varieties (Borloug and Norman), three seed rates (100, 150, and 200 kg ha⁻¹), and three spacings (0, 15, and 30 cm). Results revealed significant (p < 0.05) main and interaction effects on most agronomic and yield traits. Borloug consistently outperformed Norman in 1000-grain weight and grain yield (up to 4.68 t ha⁻¹), while Norman produced more grains per spike, reflecting genotypic differences in assimilate partitioning. Moderate seed rate (150 kg ha⁻¹) and wider spacing (30 cm) enhanced spike length, spike density, and yield components, whereas excessive seeding reduced productivity due to competition stress. The three-way interaction showed that Borloug at 100 kg ha⁻¹ with 30 cm spacing achieved the highest grain yield, while Norman at 200 kg ha⁻¹ and 15 cm spacing exhibited superior spike fertility. These results emphasise the need for genotype-specific density and spacing management to optimise yield in semi-arid conditions. It is recommended that Borloug be cultivated at 100–150 kg ha⁻¹ with 30 cm spacing for optimal performance under irrigated Sahelian wheat systems.