Climatic variability and the decline in soil fertility are leading producers to increasingly turn to crops that require less water and inputs, such as sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), to diversify their income. Native to Africa and India, it is cultivated for its seeds, which are rich in oil, vitamins, and proteins, excellent for health. The objective of this study was to characterize the agronomic potential of 17 accessions from several localities in Côte d’Ivoire, to identify those best adapted to the growing conditions of the agro-climatic zone of Ouangologougou. The experimental design was in complete blocks randomized with one factor (accession) and 3 repetitions. The results of the study noted significant diversity around agromorphological parameters and yield. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical ascending classification (CAH) highlighted three agromorphological groups. The first group contains 6 accessions, which are early (85 days), with low values for growth parameters but high yield components. The second group (1 accession), with an intermediate cycle (93 days) was distinguished by high yield values (2,393.73 kg/ha) and its components. As for the third group, it brings together the accessions (10) at the latest (101 days) with high values of growth parameters, but less productive. Group 2 accessions with good agronomic potential could be recommended to producers in the study locality. Those from other groups could serve as elite parents in a varietal improvement program meeting the needs of producers in Côte d’Ivoire.